Prepositions in Kannada - Part I

A preposition helps to show the noun's relation to other words in the sentence. In this post we shall see some of the prepositions in Kannada and their day to day usage.

1. Since -> inda

I stay in Bangalore since 2001.  --> Naanu bengalurudalli 2001 inda iddiini.

2. Near -> hathira

My son's school is near to my house. --> Nanna maganna shaale nanna maneya hattira ide.

3.Than -> kintha

This work is better than that work. --> Ii  kelasa Aa kelasakinta olleyadhu.

4.Except -> bittu

I did everything except washing clothes --> Naanu batte tholeyuvudhu bittu bere ella kelesa maadidde.

5.On / Up / Over -> mele

Please keep the cup on the table. --> Dayavittu meji mele cuppannu haaku.

The monkey climbed up the tree. --> Kothi marada mele hattittu.

The bird flew over the house. --> Hakki maneya mele haarittu.


6.Last -> hoda

Last week plumber came to our house. --> Hoda vaara plumber namma manege bandanu.

7.When / by the time / during -> aaga

I was sleeping when my husband came home. --> Nanna gandana bandaaga naanu malgutaidde.

I had slept by the time when my husband came from office. --> Nanna ganda officeinda bandaaga naanu malagidde.

8.Usually -> maamulaagi

Usually I eat bread,butter and jam for breakfast. --> Naanu maamulaagi beLige ootakke bread , benne mattu jam tinnuthene.

9. But -> Adhare

But I had idly and chutney yesterday. --> Adhare nenne idly mattu chutney tinde.

10. With -> Jothe

Will you come with me ?. -> Neenu nanna jothe baruthiya ?

11. Around -> Suttha

A squirrel can go around the tree. -> ALilu marada suttha hoga bahudu.

12. Behind -> Hinde

A squirrel can go behind the tree. -> ALilu marada hinde hoga bahudu.

13. Towards -> Kade

The hunter aimed towards the sparrow. -> Bettaikaara gubbatti kade guri itta.

14. Under -> Kelage

The book was under the chair. -> Pustaka kurichiya kelage ittu.

 







Please refer to the below link for interrogatives in Kannada
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/Asking-Questions-in-Kannada-Where-When-Who-Why-What-How.html

Please refer to the below link for Tenses in Kannada
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/past-tense-with-root-verb-hogu-go.html

Future tense in Kannada with root verb Hogu(Go)

In this post we shall concentrate on the future tense.

I Person / Singular

I will go -> Naanu hoguvenu.  This is grammatically correct sentence . However while speaking this becomes Naanu hogtini. 

Naanu naaLe marketge hogtini.  - I will go to market tomorrow.

Naanu evatthu marketge hogtini - I will go to market today.

I will be going -> Naanu hog-ta-iruvenu ( or ) hog-ta-iruthini.

I will have gone -> Naanu hog-iru-tini.

I Person / Plural

We will go to school -> Naavu shaalege hoguvevu. While speaking  this becomes Naavu shaalege hogtivi.

We will be going -> Naavu hog-ta-iruvevu.

We will have gone -> Naavu hog-iru-vevu.

II Person / Singular

You will go -> Neenu  hogtheeya. 

You will be going --> Neenu hogu-ta-iruthiya.

You will have gone -> Neenu hogu-ir(u)-thiya.

II Person / Plural or with respect

You will go -> Neevu hogtheera.

You will go -> Neevu hogu-iru-thira .

You will be going -> Neevu hogu-ta-iruthira.

III Person / Male / Singular

He will go -> Avanu hoguvanu

He will be going -> Avanu hogu-ta-iruvanu or hogu-tiruvanu

He will have gone -> Avanu hogu-iru-ttaane

III Person / Female / Singular

She will go -> AvaLu hoguvaLu.

She will be going. -> AvaLu hogu-ta-iruvaLu or hogu-tiruvaLu.


She will have gone. -> AvaLu hogu-iru-ttaaLe.

III Person / Plural or with respect

They will go -> Avaru hoguvaru.

They will be going -> Avaru hog-ta-iruvaru (or ) hogittiruvaru.

They will have gone -> Avaru hog-iru-tiruvaru.

III Person / Singular / Non Living

It will go -> Adhu hoguvadu.

It will be going -> Adhu hog-ta-irattu or hog-ta-iruvadu.

It will have gone -> Adhu hog-ir(u)-attu.

III Person / Plural / Non Living

They will go -> Avu hoguvavu.

They will be going -> Avu hog-ta-iruvavu.

They will have gone -> Avu hog-ir(u)-avu


For present tenses with  verb hogu - Please refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/present-tense-in-kannada.html

For past tenses with verb hogu - refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/past-tense-with-root-verb-hogu-go.html

Present Tense in Kannada with Root verb Hogu (Go)

In the previous post we saw the usage of Hogu in the past.In this post we shall see its usage in the present tense.

I Person / Singular 

I  go -> Naanu hogu-ttene which is grammatically correct sentence. However in spoken language this becomes hogtini. 

Naanu hogtini.


Iam going -> Naanu hog-ta-iddini.

I Person / Plural

We go -> Naavu hog-utteve. Like the I Person / Singular the spoken language version of this statement is Naavu hogtivi.

We are going -> Naavu hogu-ta-iddeve.

II Person / Singular

You go -> Neenu hogu. This is without any respect, This can be used with close friends, or with children.  

You keep going --> Neenu hog-ta-iru.

You are going --> Neenu hog-ta-idiya.

II Person / Plural or with respect

You go -> Neevu hogi or Neevu hogiri. Neevu hogiri is considered even more respectful that Neevu hogi.

You keep going --> Neevu hog-ta-iri.

You are going --> Neevu hog-ta-ideera.

III Person / Male / Singular

He goes -> Avanu hog-uttaane.

He is going -> Avanu hogtaiddaane or hoguttidaane.

He has gone -> Avanu hog-idaane.

III Person / Female / Singular

She goes -> AvaLu hog-uttaaLe.

She is going -> AvaLu hog-ta-iddaaLe or hoguttidaaLe.

She has gone -> AvaLu hog-idaaLe.

III Person / Plural or with respect

They go -> Avaru hoguttaare.

They are going -> Avaru hogutaiddaare or hogutiddaare.

They have gone -> Avaru hog-idaare.

III Person ( Non Living ) / Singular

It goes -> Adhu hogutte.

It is going -> Adhu hogtaidhe.

III Person ( Non Living ) / Plural

They go -> Avu hoguttave.

They are going -> Avu hogutaive.

For future tenses with verb hogu - Please refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/Future-Tense-In-Kannada-root-verb-Hogu.html

For past tenses with verb hogu - refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/past-tense-with-root-verb-hogu-go.html

Asking Questions in Kannada - Part I

How to ask questions in Kannada ?

My next few posts  will concentrate on how to frame Questions that gathers important information for us.


Where ?
What ?
Who ?
Why ?

When ?

and How ?

There are other flavours to these questions which will also be touched upon. Like for instance For whom , how much , how many etc.

These questions help us in our day to day interactions at the market place , banks , post office.

Five Ws and one H - ? s

1. Yaake / ĕke - Why?

      Why is she talking ? --> AvaLu yaake maathaduthidaale?. 

      Why did he not come ? --> Avanu yaake bandilla ?.

      Why is she not talking ? --> AvaLu yaake maathaduthaalilla ?.

      Why did you come ? --> Neevu yaake bandiri ?.

      Why are you not going ? --> Neevu yaake hogalilla ?.

      Why are you speaking ? --> Neevu yaake maathaduthayudheera ?.

2. Yaaru - Who?

      Who said that ? --> Adannu yaaru helidaru ?.

      Who did this ? --> Idannu yaaru maadidannu ?.

      Who came to your house yesterday ? --> Nenne nimma manege yaaru bandidaru ?.

      Who is your favorite teacher ? --> Ninna ishtavaada shikshaki yaaru ?.

      Who are you ? --> Neenu/Neevu yaaru ?.

3. What - ĕnu ?

        What is your name ? --> Nimma hesaru ĕnu ?.

       What are you doing tomorrow ? --> Neevu naale ĕnu madutheera ?.

       What can I do you for ? --> Naanu nimage ĕnu madubahudu ?.

       What snacks are there ?. --> ĕnu  thindi idhe ?.

       What job are you doing ? --> Neenu ĕnu kelasa maadithiri ?.

4. Where - elli ?

      Where is your house ? --> Nimma mane elli ide?.

      Where is Rama's book ? --> Ramana pustaka elli ide?.

      Where are you going ? --> Neevu ellige hogithidaare?.

      Where will you be tommorow ? --> Neevu naaLe elli iruthira?.

      Where did your son go? --> Ninna maga elli hogidane?.

5. When -  Yaavaga ?

      
        When is she coming ? --> AvaLu yaavaga baruthaaLe?.
       
        When is the exam ? --> Pariksha yaavaga die?.
        
        When was the festival ? --> Habba yaavaga ittu?.
        
        When did the train come ? --> Train yaavaga bandittu?. 

        When did you come ? --> Neenu yaavaga bande?.

 6. How - Hĕgĕ ?

     
       How did he come ? --> Avanu  hĕgĕ  bandana?.
      
       How is the climate ? --> Hawamaana hĕgĕ ide?.
      
       How will you come ? --> Neenu hĕgĕ baruthe?.
      
       How was your tour ? --> Nimma pravaasa hĕgĕ  ittu?.
      
       How are you ? --> Neevu hĕgĕ ideera ?.



 For information on Interrogatives refer to
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/Asking-Questions-in-Kannada.html

Asking Questions in Kannada - Part II

In this post we shall see few other flavors of questions like  how many ?, whose ? , whom ?

1. How far ? / How much ? / How many ? <-->  ēshtu ?

       How much is the price ? --> Adannu bēlē  ēshtu ? .

       How many days are there in  a week ? --> Ondhu vaaradalli  

ēshtu dinagaLu ive?.

       How long was the vacation ? --> ēshtu  dinagaLu raja ittu?.

       How far is your school from home ? --> Nimma shaale 

maneyinda ēshtu doora ide?.

       How much does your watch cost ? --> Nimma gadiyaarada 

bēlē ēshtu?.

2.  Which ? --> Yaavadu / yaava.

      Which is your hometown ? --> Nimma ooru yaavadu?.

      Which book is she reading ? --> AvaLu yaava pustaka 

odhuthidaaLe ?.

      Which school is your daughter going to ? --> Nimma magaLu 

yaava shaalege hogutidaaLe ?  (  hogthaaLe in  spoken kannada )

3.  Whose ? --> Yaaradu / Yaara ?

      Whose pen is this ? --> Idhu yaara pena? 

                                        or   ī  pena yaaradhu?

      Whose number did he call ? --> Avanu yaara numberge  call maadidhanu ?

      Whose book did she take ? --> AvaLu yaara pustaka thegethukondidaLu ? ( ThogondithaLu in spoken kannada )
                                                                                     

4.  To Whom ? / With Whom ? --> Yaara / Yaarige ?

     Whom should I give ? -- > Naanu yaarige koda beku? / Naanu 

yaarige kodali?

  Whom should I call ? --> Naanu yaarige kariya beku? 

  With whom is she coming? --> AvaLu yaara jothe baruthidaaLe?.

  Whom did you meet yesterday ? --> Neevu nēnnē yaarige bēti 

aagidi ? /    Neevu nēnnē yaarige beti aagidiri ?



For more information on Interrogatives refer to 
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/Asking-Questions-in-Kannada-Where-When-Who-Why-What-How.html
        
      
      

Parts of the Body in Kannada

This post lists the parts of Body in Kannada.Later on I shall update with sample usage as well.

Parts of the Body in Kannada

1. Brain     -  MēdaLu

2. Hair      -   Koodalu

3. Forehead - Hane

4. Eyebrow - Hubbu

5. Eyelash - Kannu IrappaigaLu

6. Ear - Kivi

7. Nose - Moogu

8. Lips - Thutti

9. Teeth - HallugaLu

10.Tounge - NaaLige

11.Throat - Gandelu

12. Chest - Edde

13. Chin - Gadda

14. Cheeks - GaLLu

15. Neck - Huttige

16. Shoulder - Bhuja

17. Mouth - Baai

18. Hand - Kai

19. Fingers - BeralugaLu

20. Palm - Angaai

21. Nail - Uguru

22. Stomach - hotte

23. Leg - Kaalu

24. Knee - Monakaalu

25. Feet - PaadagaLu

26. Heart - Hridaya

27. Blood - Iraktha

28. Nerve - Nara

29. Face - Mugha

30. Toes - Kaal BiralugaLu

31. Elbows - Mona kai

32. Ankle - Himmadi

33. Thigh - Thodai

34. Thumb - Hebbaralu

35. Pointer - Thorberalu

36. Little finger - Kiriberalu

Kannada Tenses - Past Tense with Root verb (Hogu)

The 3 main tenses are Past tense - Bhoothakaala , Present tense - Varthamaanakaala , Future tense - Bhavishya kaala.

Tenses is one of the toughest nut to crack in Kannada. In this post and the following few posts we shall see in depth the 3 tenses and how the verb gets modified based on tenses , person,gender and number.

The root verb we plan to analyse is Hogu --> Go in Kannada

Past Tenses with root verb Hogu

[ III Person / Male / Single ]

Avanu hodanu --> He went. 

Avanu hogiddanu --> He had gone. 

Avanu hogtaiddanu --> He was going.

[ III Person / Female / Single ]

AvaLu hodaLu --> She went. 

AvaLu hogiddaLu --> She had gone.  

AvaLu hogtaiddaLu --> She was going.  

[III Person / Plural or with respect ]

Avaru hodaru --> They went.

Avaru hogiddaru --> They had gone.

Avaru hogtaiddaru --> They were going. 

[I Person / Singular ]

Naanu hode ( pronounced like hoday ) --> I went.

Naanu hogidde --> I had gone.

Naanu hogtaidde --> I was going.

[I Person / Singular ]

Naavu hodevu ( pronounced like hoday ) --> We went.

Naavu hogiddevu --> We had gone.

Naavu hogtaiddevu --> We were going.

[II Person / Singular ]

Neenu hode --> You went .

Neenu hogidde --> You had gone.

Neenu hogtaidde --> You were going.

[II Person / Plural ] or with respect

Neevu hodri --> You went .

Neevu hogiddri --> You had gone.

Neevu hogtaiddri --> You were going.

[III Person / Non living / Singular ]

Adhu hoyitu --> It went.

Adhu hogittu --> It had gone.

Adhu hogtaittu --> It was going.

[III Person / Non living / Plural ]

Avu hodavu --> They went.

Avu hogiddavu --> They had gone.

Avu hogtaiddavu --> They were going.




For future tense with this verb hogu - Please refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/Future-Tense-In-Kannada-root-verb-Hogu.html


For present tense with this verb hogu - Please refer to post :
http://learnkannadawithme.blogspot.com/2013/08/present-tense-in-kannada.html

Birds - PakshigaLu

Names of birds in Kannada

1. Sparrow - Gubbi

2. Parrot - Gili

3. Peacock - Navilu

4. Pigeon - PaarivaLa

5. Crow - Kaage

6. Vulture - Rana Haddu

7. Hen - Kozhi

8. Duck - BaathuKozhi

9. Owl - Goobe

10. Cuckoo - Kogile

11. Swan - Hamsa

12. Kite/Hawk - Giduga

13 King fisher - MeenchuLLi

14. Crane - Kokkare

15. Eagle - Haddhu

Animals - PraanigaLu

Names of Animals in Kannada

1. Cow - AakaLu

2. Elephant - Aane

3. Tiger - HuLi

4.  Lion - Simha

5. Horse - Kudure

6. Donkey - Katte

7. Monkey - Kothi

8. Deer - Jinke

9. Camel - Onte

10. Bear - Karadi

11. Buffalo - Emme

12. Ox - Ettu

13. Cheetah - Chirate

14. Fox - Nari

15. Cat - Bekku

16. Calf - AakaLu mari

17. Pig - Handhi

18. Wolf -ThoLa

19. Goat - Meke

20. Sheep - Kuri

21. Billy Goat  - Tagaru

22. Snake - Uraga , Haavu ,Saraga

23. Dog - Naayi 

24. Rabbit - Mola

25. Mouse - Ili

26. Tortoise - Aame

27. Crocodile - MosaLe

Fruits - HannugaLu

Names of fruits in Kannada

1. Banana - Bale hannu

2. Apple - Sebu hannu

3. Chiku - Sapota

4. Mango - Maavina hannu

5. Jack fruit - Halasina hannu

6. Grapes - Drakshi

7. Custard apple - Seethaphal

8. Guava - Perale

9. Jamun fruit - Nerale hannu

10.Orange - Kithale hannu

11.Lemon - Nimbe hannu

12.Water melon - Kallangadi hannu

13.Sweet lime - Mousambi

14.Papaya - Papayi.

15.Pineapple - Anaanas

Kannada character set - Kaagunithagalu

The consonants combine with the vowels to form the Kannada character set or the Kaagunitha.

Each vowel has a symbol.Following are the signs for the vowels  (in blue and bold)

ಆ	ಇ	ಈ	ಉ	ಊ	ಋ
ಾ	ಿ	ೀ	ು	ೂ	ೃ

ಎ	ಏ	ಐ	ಒ	ಓ	ಔ
ೆ	ೇ	ೈ	ೊ	ೋ	ೌ

ಅಂ	ಅಃ
ಂ	ಃ

  The vowel sign when applied to the consonants gives us the alphabet set. Lets see this in detail for Ka (ಕ)

ಕ			Ka
ಕ	ಾ	ಕಾ	Kā
ಕ	ಿ	ಕಿ	Ki
ಕ	ೀ	ಕು	Kī
ಕ	ು	ಕು	Ku
ಕ	ೂ	ಕೂ	Kū
ಕ	ೃ	ಕೃ	Kru
ಕ	ೆ	ಕೆ	Ke
ಕ	ೇ	ಕೇ	Kē
ಕ	ೈ	ಕೈ	Kai
ಕ	ೊ	ಕೊ	Ko
ಕ	ೋ	ಕೋ	Kō
ಕ	ೌ	ಕೌ	Kow
ಕ	ಂ	ಕಂ	Kam
ಕ	ಃ	ಕಃ	Kaha

Lets repeat the same exercise for Ga ( ಗ )

ಗ			Ga
ಗ	ಾ	ಗಾ	Gā
ಗ	ಿ	ಗಿ	Gi
ಗ	ೀ	ಗೀ	Gī
ಗ	ು	ಗು	Gu
ಗ	ೂ	ಗೂ	Gū
ಗ	ೃ	ಗೃ	Gru
ಗ	ೆ	ಗೆ	Ge
ಗ	ೇ	ಗೇ	Gĕ
ಗ	ೈ	ಗೈ	Gai
ಗ	ೊ	ಗೊ	Go
ಗ	ೋ	ಗೋ	Gō
ಗ	ೌ	ಗೌ	Gow
ಗ	ಂ	ಗಂ	Gam
ಗ	ಃ	ಗಃ	Gaha

If you compare the alphabets formation differs majorly  on the Ki,Gi and Kii,Gii only. Take a closer look at how the other consonants combine with short and Long i's to form the character set.

There are five different ways i,īs are formed.

Type i:

ಖ	ಖಿ	ಖೀ
ಛ	ಛಿ	ಛೀ
ಟ	ಟಿ	ಟೀ
ತ	ತಿ	ತೀ
ನ	ನಿ	ನೀ
ಬ	ಬಿ	ಬೀ
ಭ	ಭಿ	ಭೀ
ಮ	ಮಿ	ಮೀ
ಯ	ಯಿ	ಯೀ
ಲ	ಲಿ	ಲೀ
ಳ	ಳಿ	ಳೀ
ವ	ವಿ	ವೀ
ಶ	ಶಿ	ಶಿ

Type ii:

ಪ	ಪಿ	ಪೀ
ಫ	ಫಿ	ಫೀ
ಘ	ಘಿ	ಘೀ
ಷ	ಷಿ	ಷೀ
ಸ	ಸಿ	ಸೀ
ಹ	ಹಿ	ಹೀ

Type iii:

ಙ	ಙಿ	ಙೀ
ಞ	ಞಿ	ಞೀ
ಜ	ಜಿ	ಜೀ

Type iv:

ಝ	ಝಿ	ಝೀ
ಠ	ಠಿ	ಠೀ
ಡ	ಡಿ	ಡೀ
ಢ	ಢಿ	ಢೀ
ಥ	ಥಿ	ಥೀ
ದ	ದಿ	ದೀ
ಧ	ಧಿ	ಧೀ
ರ	ರಿ	ರೀ

Type V

ಣ	ಣಿ	ಣೀ
ಚ	ಚಿ	ಚೀ